Update: Today, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Pakistani Prime Minister Shahbaz visited Saudi Arabia and held a joint defense meeting with Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister Mohammed bin Salman in Mecca to sign a joint defense agreement — the agreement aims to “strengthen collective deterrence against any act of aggression,” stipulating that an armed attack on any of the three countries will be treated as an attack on the three countries. The agreement also further stipulates the strengthening of defense cooperation between the three countries in various fields. According to a Turkish official, the joint defense agreement is “purely defensive in nature”, promises only mutual support for defense purposes, “does not target any specific actor”, is open to other regional countries, and does not abolish or replace any existing bilateral or multilateral agreements between these countries or with other countries and organizations. Analysts pointed out that in the context of the spillover effects of the war in Iran, some countries have discovered that the US “cannot be relied upon” and are therefore seeking to strengthen mutual security cooperation and try to establish a regional collective security mechanism.

Update: Today, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Pakistani Prime Minister Shahbaz visited Saudi Arabia and held a joint defense meeting with Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister Mohammed bin Salman in Mecca to sign a joint defense agreement — the agreement aims to “strengthen collective deterrence against any act of aggression,” stipulating that an armed attack on any of the three countries will be treated as an attack on the three countries. The agreement also further stipulates the strengthening of defense cooperation between the three countries in various fields. According to a Turkish official, the joint defense agreement is “purely defensive in nature”, promises only mutual support for defense purposes, “does not target any specific actor”, is open to other regional countries, and does not abolish or replace any existing bilateral or multilateral agreements between these countries or with other countries and organizations. Analysts pointed out that in the context of the spillover effects of the war in Iran, some countries have discovered that the US “cannot be relied upon” and are therefore seeking to strengthen mutual security cooperation and try to establish a regional collective security mechanism.